本文转载自：真本聪
原文作者：大麦
原文链接：https://realsatoshi.net/14061/?from=groupmessage&isappinstalled=0
2019年10月10日，真本聪和Cosmos 联合举办了「Cosmos 对话真本聪」AMA 活动，本次AMA 邀请了Cosmos 社区战略负责人Chjango Unchained，她详细介绍了Cosmos 的愿景、团队特质和现状等，并对Polkadot 发表看法。
以下是对Chjango 的提问和她的回答，为了方便阅读，部分内容有删改，Enjoy It！
Q1：第一次做客我们的AMA，虽然大家对Cosmos 有一定了解，但还是请您对Cosmos 做一个简单的项目介绍，Cosmos 的愿景是什么，打算解决区块链世界的什么问题？
C：Three years ago, Jae and Ethan set out on a mission to build the tools for enabling an interconnected network of blockchains. Jae realized quickly that the number of application specific blockchains would only grow over time, not centralize onto any single one.
As this vision of an Internet of Blockchains emerged, naturally, interoperability became the core thesis that Cosmos set out to prove. And the rest of the industry eventually came to realize that not only was the vision credible, but something that would generate a lot of value. That’s why now, in 2019, there are so many projects interested in interop whereas in 2016, people looked at Jae like he was crazy and had an idea that would never work.
译：三年前，Jae 和Ethan 立下了一个目标：建立能够让区块链网络实现互联的工具。Jae很快意识到针对应用程序定制的区块链的数量将随着时间的推移将不断的增长，而不是局限在某单一的区块链。
随着”区块链间的互联网”这个愿景逐渐清晰，很自然的，互操作性成为Cosmos想证明的核心主题。随着行业逐渐意识到这个愿景不仅仅是可信的，而且可能产生很大的价值。
这就是为什么在2019年有非常多的项目对跨链和互操作性这个领域如此感兴趣，而在2016年，大家都认为Cosmos的创始人Jae Kown是一个疯子，他的想法永远不会实现。
Q2：能否简单介绍一下您的个人背景？怎样的一个机缘下接触加密货币和加入Cosmos 团队？你之前在NASA 工作，这是否和你之后加入Cosmos 团队有关。因为Cosmos 正是宇宙的意思。
C：Bitcoin was my gateway drug into the cryptosphere. Back then, there was only Bitcoin and a handful of other forks of Bitcoin out in the wild. Ethereum was the new, totally different thing when I started out, but I was mostly interested in Bitcoin. I come from the US, at the epicenter that caused the global financial crisis in 2008 and I did a lot of research reverse engineering what had caused the crisis. Out of that research, I discovered Bitcoin as the way out of such a fragile system that the majority of the world still runs on.
Fast forward another 3 years of diving into the deepest rabbit hole I had ever gotten into, I found out about Cosmos in an Epicenter podcast episode. At that time, I had been a cryptocurrency journalist and my research at the time was on EOS and PoS protocols. That was when I thought, “Proof of Stake?! That’ll never work.” But then, as I did more research about Tendermint, my opinion slowly changed, and I joined Tendermint in 2017 as their first and only technical writer to communicate what the team and the protocol was doing to the rest of the world.
Yes, I worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) as an intern when I was in university and then as a full time employee after I graduated university. NASA has 10 facilities across the US and JPL is there laboratory that focuses on the Mars Rovers. It was purely happy coincidence that I started my early career in the aerospace industry and ended up at Cosmos in the blockchain industry.
译：比特币是我进入币圈的入门读物。当时，币圈只有比特币和其他几个比特币的分叉。以太坊当时是一个全新的，完全不同的东西，但我最感兴趣的还是比特币。
我来自美国，在2008年引发的全球金融危机中，我做了很多研究，反思是什么导致了这场危机。在这项研究中，我发现比特币是摆脱这个脆弱系统的一条出路，而这个系统至今仍在运行。
再过了3年，我潜入了我所经历过的最深的兔子洞，在一期Epicenter 的播客节目中，我发现了Cosmos 。当时，我是一名加密货币方向的记者，我当时的研究是EOS和PoS协议。就在那时，我想：PoS永远行不通…
但是，随着我对Tendermint 做了更多的研究，我的观点慢慢改变了，我在2017年加入Tendermint，成为他们第一个也是唯一一个向世界其他地方传达团队和协议所做事情的技术作家。
是的，我大学时在喷气推进实验室（JPL）实习，大学毕业后成为全职员工。美国航天局在美国有10个设施，JPL实验室专注于火星探测器。我刚开始在航空航天行业的职业生涯，最后在区块链行业的Cosmos 工作，这纯属巧合。
Q3：最近Zilliqa 的CEO、CTO纷纷宣布离职，核心成员一年多就几乎全选择离开团队，而Cosmos 作为一个已经开发了4年左右的项目，是什么理由使得团队的核心成员仍然坚守在这个项目？
C：A project’s success ultimately boils down to its founders. If a founder enters the space with the intention of raising a lot of money but with no intention of delivering on its promises, then the resulting outcome will be similar to a Zilliqa scenario.
Ultimately, when evaluating which projects have long-standing potential against projects that will burn brightly then fizzle out quickly, you need to evaluate both the credibility of the people behind the projects and the robustness of the code and products they deliver. The reason why Cosmos is such a strong project is because of the people. Cosmos is sort of a high-density mass, like the sun, around which the most talented and creative people gravitate towards because of the people behind the project who embody the genuine passion to see through the dream of pushing cryptocurrency into mainstream relevancy.
译：一个项目的成功归根结底要归功于它的
创始人。
如果一个创始人进入这一领域的目的是筹集大量资金，但无意兑现承诺，那么最终的结果将出现你说的情景。
最终，评估哪些项目具有长期潜力，而哪些项目可能很快会失败，您需要评估项目背后人员的可信度，以及他们所交付的代码和产品的健壮性。
Cosmos 之所以如此强大，是因为人。
Cosmos 是一种强凝聚力的项目，就像太阳一样被环绕，最有才华和创造力的人被吸引，因为项目背后的人体现了真正的激情，希望将加密货币推向主流世界的梦想。
Q4：作为一个项目的创始人，你认为他需要具备像政治家一样的才能吗？大家对Jae C：Kwon 的印象还是太低调，默默专注于开发的工作。似乎大家都觉得一个项目的创始人具备政治家的才能，它成功的可能性更大。你觉得Cosmos 需要这样子吗？
Authenticity is a virtue I value above all, and if the way that Jae acts in public is congruent with what he is genuinely like, then I see no problem with his personality. Perhaps a lot of founders will play the political game, but that is not the focus at Cosmos. Many projects will go to great lengths to pump their tokens, but those actions lead to short-term bumps in their market cap. The work that we do at Cosmos today, and every day, will be work that future generations can benefit from and build upon. And optimizing for that kind of value always leads to long term, sustained fundamental value that cannot be faked or copied.
译：真实性是我最看重的品德。
比如Jae 在公众的行为举止和他这个人真实的样子一样，那么我觉得他的性格就是没问题的。
也许有很多加密货币的创始人想扮演政治领袖的角色，但是这并不是Cosmos 这个项目所聚焦的点。
许多项目会选择使出浑身解数去让拉盘他们的代币，但这些行为会导致项目的市值在短期不合理的剧烈波动。
Cosmos 如今每天做的工作，将是未来的几代人可以从中受益，并在其基础上继续发展。
使这种价值最优化一定是很长期的事情，我们坚信，可持续性的基本面价值不能作假和复制。
Q5：IBC 的开发工作进度如何，预计什么时间能够完成并且部署到主网上?
C：The IBC spec and implementation is nearly finished. We’re in the release candidate phase, which means we’re in the final stretch. You can play with the prototype and practice cross-chain transacting here:
https://github.com/cosmos/gaia/blob/joon/ibc-gaia-interface/cmd/gaiacli/README.md#receive-packet
Join the IBC working group here: t.me/ibcprotocol
译：IBC 规范和实现已经接近完成。我们正处于发布候选阶段，这意味着我们已经进入了最后阶段。
您可以在这里使用原型并做跨链交易练习：
https://github.com/cosmos/gaia/blob/joon/ibc-gaia-interface/cmd/gaiacli/README.md#receive-packet
你也可以加入IBC的电报工作组了解最新的情况：t.me/ibcprotocol
Q6：关于最近一次的主网升级，好像出现了一点小状况，能给大家讲一下是什么情况吗？
C：The full details of the issue is disclosed in this retrospective:
译：我分享一份报告吧，这份报告汇报了该问题的全部细节：
整个Cosmos 生态系统中的所有利益相关者必须共同承担责任。最重要的是，我们非常感谢社区不断为安全做出的贡献。
Q7：Tendermint BFT 共识在Cosmos 中扮演一个什么角色？有什么优势？
C：Currently, to be interoperable (ecosystem-compatible) within the Cosmos Network, your blockchain must run on Tendermint. But later, as the tooling matures and becomes more modular, you could swap out Tendermint for any consensus engine, as long as it has finality. Tendermint BFT is competitive when you want blocks that finalize – that finalize quickly – and when you want to use a proven Proof of Stake solution.
译：目前，为了和Cosmos 网络达成互操作性，你的区块链必须基于Tendermint 共识。
随着生态工具的成熟和模块化，你可以把Tendermint共识引擎换成任何其他的共识引擎，唯一的要求是它需要有终结性。
当你想使用POS的解决方案时，Tendermint BFT在终结性上是有很大竞争力的，因为区块会很快的终结。
Q8：Cosmos SDK 在应用程序层中覆盖哪些功能模块？如果人们不用Cosmos 网络而只用SDK，那么ATOM 还有什么优势呢？
C：Here is the full list of modules in the SDK:
https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/tree/master/x
That list will keep growing as developers start upstreaming their modules.
The advantage of the SDK is that it makes it really easy to plug in IBC. So once IBC adoption hits critical mass, the network will be heavily utilized, necessitating greater security and utilization of the network, which will result in a value accrual story.
译：这是Cosmos SDK 模块的所有列表：
https://github.com/cosmos/cosmos-sdk/tree/master/x
这个列表将随着开发者不断添加他们开发的模块而不断增加，Cosmos SDK 的优势是它能够让你简单的把IBC 模块插入SDK。
所以一旦IBC获得大量采用，网络效应会变得很强大，同时网络的安全性能和效用大大增加，这就是Cosmos 网络基本的价值捕获故事。
Q9：Cosmos 在跨链智能合约和数据隐私方面有未来的工作计划吗？
C：Yes, those will be on the ongoing roadmap.
译：是的，这些在路线图里。
Q10：目前Cosmos 网络1/3的筹码被5个验证者控制。很多人诟病Cosmos 网络过于中心化。同时Cosmos Hub 没有采取任何措施来明确促使投票权重去中心化，是否过于相信验证者的道德？或者说在没有明确的去中心化的激励机制下，整个网络反而会越来越中心化。
C：As Cosmos Hub governance relies solely on ATOM holders, the community must propose decentralization policies and vote on which proposals would facilitate the most optimal outcome.
译：因为Cosmos Hub 的治理只依赖于代币ATOM 的持有者，所以社区必须自己提出去中心化的政策和建议，然后投票选出最优化的结果。
Q11：节点数量和地址数量也是评判一个项目能否获取大量网络效应的指标。比特币和以太坊都有数千个节点。在2-3年后，Cosmos 的节点数量会达到300个。你觉得作为一个愿景宏大，想成为Internet of Blockchain 的项目来说，Cosmos 的节点数不到300，总地址数量不到1万个 ，是否远远不够？
C：Proof of Work networks and Proof of Stake are fundamentally incomparable without weighing their tradeoffs. There is a lot of research being done in the Proof of Stake space that attempts to have both PoS and millions of validating nodes. That is still an area of research and we don’t know if it is safe to implement yet in production. But we do know that BFT PoS does work in production. And while Tendermint can support up to 300 validating nodes in the future, it doesn’t mean there can’t be much more full nodes that don’t produce blocks but do store the blockchain.
译：POW 网络和POS 网络在基本面上是不协调不匹配的。
在POS 领域已经有人做了很多研究，他们试图同时保持POS 共识，同时网络拥有数百万的验证节点。
这个领域仍旧处在研究当中，我们不知道这应用于实践时这是否是安全的。
但是我们知道BFT POS 共识目前在实际中已经能够运转了。
目前Tendermint 在未来能够支持300个验证节点，但是这不意味着未来不能有更多的全节点。
Q12：关于代币的价值捕获，很多人诟病Atom代币的价值捕获能力太弱，除了Stake 维护网络获取利息、投票、抵押之外，暂时没有其他作用。对此你怎么看。IBC上线后，ATOM 的价值捕获能力是否会更强？
C：When the network has more utility, it will capture value. When hundreds of apps are running on a later above the IBC layer, then naturally, value will flow through the ATOM as transactions are made across connected blockchains.
译：我认为当网络有更多的效用时，它就会捕获价值。当数百个应用程序运行在稍后版本的IBC层之上的时，随着交易区块链的跨链进行，价值自然会流经ATOM。
Q13：在中国社区，大家都喜欢和习惯把Cosmos 和波卡比较，从您的角度，谈谈关于与波卡的竞争与合作关系？
C：I like Ethereum.
译：我喜欢以太坊。
Q14：Gavin Wood 最近接受采访称：Tendermint 并不是什么新的技术，在几年前就已经出现。每条链必须建立在信任Cosmos Hub 的基础上才能实现互联，这并非一个去信任的生态系统。你如何看待这个观点？
C：I’m surprised that he is able to turn the number of years that Tendermint has been around into a negative thing. New technology does not equate to true innovation. The fact that Tendermint has been around for so long and has finally launched a public blockchain in production that projects like Binance and Libra want to fork it and build off of it is a sign that Tendermint is on the right track. And yes – it does take that long for code to be good enough to run in production. This is why Eth 2 is estimated to be ready well beyond 2020. It may even take Polkadot that long to deliver on all of its promised features.
译：很惊讶Gavin Wood 会把Tendermint 数年来所达成的成果描述成一件消极的事物。
新科技不等同于真正的创新。事实是Tendermint 已经存在数年，并且最终有Binance Dex 这样能实际运转的区块链应用基于它发布。
又如最近Libra的分叉OpenLibra 基于Tendermint建立，这说明Tendermint正走在正确的道路上。
需要花费很长的时间去写足够好的能够使区块链实际运转的代码。
这就是为什么ETH2.0预估要在2020年以后才能出来的原因，Polkadot 想要实现它承诺的所有功能，也许将花费更长的时间。
Q15：Cosmos在全球社区推广和合作的重点在哪里，如何平衡开发者社区和投资者社区，你们的社区建设的诀窍是什么？
C：Cosmos, like the known universe, is expanding. It will expand to every part of the globe eventually. And later, beyond the moon.
The secret to building a community the way we did it in Cosmos is to put your branding first. The only marketing we’ve ever done was through word of mouth marketing. We created trust with community members and provided educational value first as a way to establish authority. A lot of the core members in Cosmos have been around in cryptocurrency for a long time, support other teams doing cool things in cryptocurrency – not just on Cosmos – and establish an emaculate reputation that has gotten us far, all without having to do excessive PR.
Once you build your developer community, the rest will come. Once people realize there’s value in the thing that you’re building, everyone will want a piece of the pie. That’s why the focus has always centered around developer usability. Because they are the people who build the products that get the users.
译：Cosmos，就像我们知道的宇宙一样，正在不断的扩张。它最终将扩展至全球每个角落。最终，不止步于月球（Moon）。建立社区的秘诀，就如同我们在Cosmos 项目上做的那样，把你的品牌放在第一位。
我们唯一做过的营销就是通过口碑营销。我们与社区成员建立信任，并首先提供教育价值，以此建立权威。
Cosmos 的许多核心成员长期以来一直使用加密货币，支持其他团队使用加密货币做一些很酷的事情——不仅仅是在Cosmos 上，并建立一个让我们走得更远的完美声誉，所有这些都不必做过多的公关。
一旦你建立了你的开发者社区，其他人就会被你吸引过来。一旦人们意识到你正在建造的东西有价值，每个人都会想要过来共襄盛举。这就是为什么关注重点总是针对开发人员的可用性。因为他们是为用户制作喜欢的产品。
Q16：Cosmos 和以太坊，是Polkadot 直接的竞争对手吗？
C：Polkadot’s design is more a competitor to Eth 2 because the Polkadot’s relay chain/parachain design and Ethereum’s beacon chain/sharded contracts designs are very similar. That is more of an apples to apples comparison.
Polkadot and the Eth 2 model are still the “one giant chain to rule all dApps” paradigm whereas Cosmos is about chain sovereignty.
The key thing for Cosmos though, is for all these chains to speak IBC when they want to talk to other chains.
In the landscape of all “interop” projects though, there is only Cosmos building a real communications protocol across blockchains that’s not just a bridge between one blockchain and their blockchain.
译：Polkadot 的设计使得它更多是ETH2.0的竞争者。因为波卡的中继链的设计和以太的信标链/分片合约的设计很相似。
波卡和ETH2.0的模型仍旧是一个强有力的链控制所有DApp 的范式。而Cosmos 注重的是链的主权性。
Cosmos 最关键的一点是，当所有这些链想互相交流时，他们会通过IBC。
在所有跨链题材的项目里，只有Cosmos 是想在区块链之间建立一个真正的交流协议，而不仅仅是区块链之间的一个桥梁。
Q17：IBC出来以后，IRIS Hub作为第一个与Cosmos Hub链接的项目，两个项目的开发团队是否有合并成为一个整体团队的可能？
C：There is no possibility for the to teams to become one. That would be like saying that all projects that launch chains and open IBC connections will join Tendermint team. That’s not the goal.
译：两个团队合并成一个这不可能。这就好像说所有想启动新区块链并且开启IBC进行跨链链接的项目，都会加入到 Tendermint 的团队中 — 这可不是我们的目标
Q18：IRISnet 的开发团队作为Cosmos 中国分区的负责人，目前中国区域内Cosmos 的粉丝很多，也很活跃。IRISnet 的信息跨链传输功能对于Cosmos 的生态来说相当重要，Cosmos 是否会帮助IRISnet 在其他国家进行推广？
C：We have very aligned incentives and when there are opportunities to collaborate on work together, we take them.
译：我们有非常一致的动机。所以只要机会一起合作，我们就会利用这些机会。
来源：COSMOS
